Indoor air pollution, health and economic wellbeing mit economics. Indoor air pollution is ubiquitous, and takes many forms, ranging from smoke emitted from. Environmental policy instruments in developing countries. Indoor air pollution may arise from the use of open fires, unsafe fuels or combustion of biomass fuels, coal and kerosene. Indoor air pollution from biomass fuel smoke is a major health concern in the developing world. The asia development bank adb in manila is an important source of public and private sector projects in 32 developing countries in asia. Several studies from developed countries have shown increased risk for exposure to outdoor air pollution at much lower levels than iap levels seen in developing. Millions of women and children in the developing world who are exposed daily to the. Indoor air pollution and household energy directory of references monitoring and evaluation of key health, exposure and air pollution indicators.
Outdoor air pollution in developingcountry cities is difficult to overlook. Among other major environmental problems faced by the poor are sewage disposal and unsafe drinking water thomas and strauss 1992, cebu study team 1992, da vanzo 1988. Special theme environment and health indoor air pollution. Indoor air pollution, health and economic wellbeing. Indoor air pollution in developing nations is a significant form of indoor air pollution iap that is little known to those in the developed world three billion people in developing countries across the globe rely on biomass, in the form of wood, charcoal, dung, and crop residue, as their domestic cooking fuel. Indoor air pollution in developing countries world health. The health impacts of exposure to indoor air pollution. Review of interventions to reduce the exposure of women and young children to indoor air pollution in developing countries. In some cases, indoor air pollutants may even be 100 times higher than outdoors. I provide quantitative analysis of 1 patterns of human exposure to indoor air pollution, 2 the exposureresponse relationship for particulate matter and ari, and 3 the pollution reducing performance of an. A thorough understanding of the connection between choice of fuel for household needs and health impact of longterm exposure to pollutants from smoke generated during use of biomass for cooking is required so that appropriate. The major source of indoor air pollution in developing countries is.
The causes of air pollution in developing countries are varied, but one of the main reasons developing countries struggle with air pollution is that their economies are still growing. Research on its health effects should be stre ngthened. Indoor air pollution has occurred since prehistoric times when people moved to live indoors and fire was brought into closed shelters for cooking and space heating 1. Global action plan for prevention and control of pneumonia gapp 4 fig 4. Field testing and survey evaluation of household biomass cookstoves in rural subsaharan africa. In this dissertation, i consider the linkages among household energy technology, indoor environment, and health. Indoor air pollution is ubiquitous, and takes many forms, ranging from smoke emitted from solid fuel combustion, especially in households in developing countries, to complex mixtures of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds present in modern buildings. Calkins environ international, 101 rowland way, novato, ca 94945 abstract since 1970, the world health organization who and the united nations environmental programme unep has coordinated the operation of a worldwide air pollution. Household energy and clean indoor and ambient air pdf 28 pp, 478 k, 20190614 this notice announces the availability of funds and solicits applications to improve human health and the environment by reducing exposure in developing countries from indoor air pollution generated from household energy use.
The health impacts of exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuels in developing countries. The kenya medical research institute centers for disease control and prevention kemricdc, in partnership with the safe water and aids project external swap and berkeley air monitoring group external, is currently evaluating six improved cookstoves with the potential of lowering indoor air pollution in 50 households in two villages in nyanza province. Introduction globally, almost three billion people rely on biomass wood, charcoal, crop residues, and dung and coal as their primary source of domestic energy 1, 2. Apr 17, 2012 it also offers strategies to mitigate problems related to indoor air pollution. Short and longterm health effects of burning biomass in.
Pdf indoor air pollution in developing countries researchgate. Indoor air pollution from biomass fuel smoke is a major. Exposure to indoor air pollution may be responsible for nearly 2 million excess deaths in developing countries and for some 4% of the global burden of disease. Of the four principal categories of indoor pollution combustion products, chemicals, radon and biologicals, research in developing countries has focused on combustiongenerated pollutants, and principally those from solidfuelfired cooking and heating stoves. Effects of indoor air pollution on human health prepared by working group 4 birgitta berglund, department of psychology, university of stockholm, sweden. Household energy and clean indoor and ambient air closed.
An inversion can work like a cap on the atmosphere. In fact, the world health organization estimates that indoor air pollution is responsible for 2. Pdf of the four principal categories of indoor pollution combustion products, chemicals, radon and biologicals, research in developing. Around 50% ofpeople,almost allindeveloping countries,rely oncoal andbiomass inthe formofwood, dung and crop residues for domestic energy. Indoor air pollution related to heating and cooking as well as waterborne diseases associated with unsafe water and sanitation are leading causes of death.
Indoor air pollution by formaldehyde in european countries. The table features summary data from the world health organization who on the extent of proven links between indoor air pollution and potential health outcomes. How to fight air pollution in developing countries air. Kammen abstract globally, almost three billion people rely on biomass wood, charcoal, crop residues, and dung and coal as their primary source of domestic energy. This chapter will not repeat the discussion about indoor air pollution caused by biomass burning. The health impacts of exposure to indoor air pollution from. Longterm exposure to smoke from cooking indoors with wood. India has disproportionately high mortality and disease burden due to air pollution. Smithd air pollution in general and indoor air pollution in particular have been associated in many peoples mind with industrialization and urbanization and, thus, with the. Indoor air pollution from biomass fuel smoke is a major health concern in the developing world, transactions of the royal society of tropical medicine and hygiene, volume 102, issue 9.
Energy technology, indoor air pollution, and respiratory infections in developing countries a field study from central kenya abstract globally, more than two billion people rely on biofuels as the primary source of domestic energy. Cooking fuel and risk of underfive mortality in 23 sub. We conclude with a discussion on what is known regarding the e. Normally denser cold air falls to the surface, forcing the polluted air up and mixing it. In developing countries, recent natural experiments have provided opportunities to measure the health impacts of higher concentrations of ambient air pollution. Diffusion of innovations, clean cookstove, indoor air pollution, crosscultural competency, bottom of the pyramid in the past two decades indoor air pollution has emerged as an increasingly prevalent cause of illness and death among women and children in developing countries. Developed countries have made great strides in reducing.
Introduction globally, indoor air pollution iap resulting from cooking fuel was linked to 4. Short and longterm health effects of burning biomass in the home in lowincome countries. This burden is generally highest in the low sdi states of north india. This is the full report containing an introduction to the database tables, which describes the history of the database and the selection criteria for papers, as well as drawing conclusions about the overall pattern of indoor air pollution that it reveals in. Indoor air pollution can pose a serious health threat. Indoor air pollution is a major global public health threat requiring greatly increased efforts in the areas of research and policymaking. Air pollution costs trillions and holds back poor countries. For each of these groups, effects associated with indoor air pollution iap, the principle agents and.
Air pollution also increases a childs risk of developing respiratory infections, most likely by causing inflammation andor impaired immune response. The european commission has developed a series of framework directives for controlling ambient air pollution and monitoring concentrations. Decisionmakers in these countries are faced with the challenge of mitigating air. Usaidwho global consultation on the health impact of indoor air pollution and household energy in developing countries. Environmental economics in developing countries introduction. To this end, we reported on the outcomes of a recent 2day symposium on indoor air quality in developing countries that was held at the triennial indoor air conference, the official conference of the international society of indoor air quality and climate isiaq, in austin, texas in june 2011.
The impact of air pollution on deaths, disease burden, and. Indoor air pollution caused by burning such traditional fuels as wood, crop residues, and dung is less evident, yet it is responsible for a significant part of country and global disease burdens. Reducing the substantial avoidable deaths and disease burden from this major environmental risk is dependent on rapid deployment of effective multisectoral policies throughout india that are commensurate with the magnitude of air pollution. As a pdf file or on the who website page titled indoor air pollution database for china. Epa studies indicate that the levels of many air pollutants may be two to five times higher in indoor air than outdoor air. Knowledge, gaps, and data needs majid ezzati and daniel m. This is because contained areas enable potential pollutants to build up more than open spaces. Who indoor air pollution and household energy directory of. Urban air pollution is largely a result of combustion of fossil fuels that are used in transportation, power. Two of the papers in this special issue explore the design and e. Sep 08, 2016 air pollution costs the world trillions of dollars a year and severely impedes development in many countries, according to the world bank in a major study pdf of the economic costs of indoor. Outdoor air pollution and health in the developing.
About 38% of the population in andhra pradesh relied on solid fuels for cooking in 201516. The japan international cooperation agency jica provides technical assistance and grants to initiate air pollution programs. Biomass fuel is a major cause of indoor air pollution and is a significant health hazard in developing countries. Air pollution costs the world trillions of dollars a year and severely impedes development in many countries, according to the world bank in a major study pdf of the economic costs of indoor. Outdoor air pollution and health in the developing countries of asia. Diffusion of innovations, clean cookstove, indoor air pollution, crosscultural competency, bottom of the pyramid in the past two decades indoor air pollution has emerged as an increasingly prevalent cause of illness and death among women and children in. Indoor air pollution iap is responsible for many health, environmental, and social issues that disproportionately and adversely affect women and young children around the world. Indoor air pollution has a wide range of negative health impacts, which can lead to morbidity but also in many cases, mortality. Indoor air pollution is the degradation of indoor air quality by harmful chemicals and other materials. Oct 30, 2017 air pollution in developing countries tends to be worse than in developed countries because poor countries often lack the technology and resources to fight pollution. However, it is second to indoor air pollution as an environmental risk factor in the lowmortality developing countries4.
The economic value of airpollutionrelated health risks. Air pollution is increased in concentration below the cap. Global action plan for prevention and control of pneumonia gapp. The persistence of these problems in developing countries is related to a number of key factors discussed in this paper and generally related, in some way, to the failure of public good. Fuel types, traditional cooking stoves and air pollution levels. About 27,000 people died from hap in andhra pradesh in 2016 according to gbd 2016. Understanding household demand for indoor air pollution. Which of the following does not hold true regarding indoor air pollution. We conclude with a discussion on what is known regarding the effectiveness of popular strategies to combat indoor air pollution in developing countries. Indoor air pollution in developing nations wikipedia. Of the four principal categories of indoor pollution combustion products, chemicals, radon and biologicals, research in developing countries has focused on combustiongenerated pollutants, and. Dec 01, 2003 indoor air pollution is ubiquitous, and takes many forms, ranging from smoke emitted from solid fuel combustion, especially in households in developing countries, to complex mixtures of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds present in modern buildings. Some of the saddest air pollution facts reveal that women and children are often the most impacted by indoor air pollution exposure. Today, indoor air pollution caused by burning of traditional solid fuels such as woodfuel, agricultural residues, and dried animal dung in unvented cookstoves in rural areas of developing countries is not much different from that of the past.
Indoor air pollution caused by the burning of firewood, crop waste, and dung for cooking and heating is a major health risk of the worlds poorest. Who indoor air pollution and household energy directory. Many cities in developing countries experience severe levels of air pollution associated with the rapid increase in fossil fuel consumption for industrial, residential, and motor vehicle use. A collaborative effort to improve air quality in developing countries 98ta42. Pdf exposure to indoor air pollution iap from the burning of solid fuels for cooking, heating, and lighting accounts for a significant portion of. Household use of traditional biomass fuels and the impact on mortality ethan yeh university of california, berkeley february 20, 2004 abstract an estimated 2. The smoke, soot, and coal from wooden cook stoves in homes has a tremendous impact on women and children who are centred around the home, and hence the hearth, in developing countries. Statistics suggest that in developing countries, health impacts of indoor air. Since much of the cooking is carried out indoors in environments that lack proper.
Today, indoor air pollution caused by burning of traditional solid fuels such as woodfuel, agricultural residues, and dried animal dung in unvented cookstoves in rural areas of developing countries is not much different. Temperature inversions can trap air pollution in one place for many days. Exposure to indoor air pollution, especially to particulate matter, from biomass. Top 14 air pollution facts causes, effects, solutions. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Setting the agenda for action, may 34, washington, dc.